Testability

People who spew and spout facts to support a position do so in one of two forms. They will state their proposition in a risky or non-risky form. You must learn, in the process of critical, linear thinking, to distinguish between the two.

If you want to learn to tell if a speaker is trying to feed you a bunch of "cock and bull" when they spout "a mountain of evidence" in support of a particular position, listen for how they state the proposition