What Causes Macular Degeneration?

Macular Degeneration is an eye disease that affects the macula, located towards the back of the eye, along the retina. The macula is the part of the eye that is responsible for processing light in order to generate sharp, detailed and clear images that are then sent to the brain. Macular Degeneration typically does not appear until age 40, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMG) typically develops in people aged 55 and older.

Hereditary and Age Appear to be Main Causes

Because of its prevalence among family members, it is believed that genetics play a major role in the development of Macular Degeneration. Genetics also plays a role in AMG; however with AMG the simple aging process seems to be the bigger contributing factor.

To date, scientists have identified the gene they believe plays a significant role in the development of Macular Degeneration. This gene is called complement factor H (CFH). In addition to this gene, a gene on chromosome 10 called PLEKAH1 is also suspect. Much more study is required to fully understand the roles these two suspect genes play in this eye disease that today strikes 10 million people aged 40 and over.

In the rare cases in which Macular Degeneration strikes younger individuals, it is believed that something other than genetics or age leads to a build-up of abnormal blood vessels behind the retina. Myopia and infection are being studied as the causes in these cases.

Other Causes Being Investigated

Several risk factors have also been associated with the onset of Macular Degeneration. Smoking is believed to have a significant impact on its development. If you smoke you can add reducing the risk of developing Macular Degeneration to the list of reasons why you should quit