Rock and Roll music can cause both temporary and permanent damage to the inner ear. Damage may occur from one extremely loud session of exposure to noise or it may occur from sustained exposure to lesser noise levels. Most rock and roll musicians received their hearing damage from either amplified live music or listening to music on headphones.

Pete Townshend of The Who has been an outspoken critic on hearing loss. He attributes his own hearing loss to headphones at recording sessions. Townshend has been warning young people about Walkman and iPod use. He says, "My intuition tells me there is terrible trouble ahead." Townshend regrets his own hearing loss and wants to save others from the same self-inflicted disability. Townshend revealed,