Intelligent Design: If A Tree Falls In The Forest, It Does Not
Land In A Science Classroom
Intelligent Design: If A Tree Falls In The Forest, It Does Not
Land In A Science Classroom
There has been a lot of controversy regarding the proposed
integration of 'Intelligent Design' into current biology
curriculum. Intelligent Design is the hypothesis that all life
on Earth was created and designed by an intelligent designer.
Subsumed by this hypothesis, although not clearly stated, is
that most proponents of Intelligent Design believe the
intelligent designer to be the most intelligent designer, namely
God. It is proposed that in the name of impartiality,
Intelligent Design be taught along side Darwinian Evolution in
biology classes.
We have two choices in trying to argue against this hypothesis.
First we can show that the hypothesis is false by counter claims
of design flaws. Next we can show that the hypothesis is an
inherently un-testable hypothesis which thus belongs in the
realms of philosophy or theology, but not in science. I will
argue that while the first approach of finding design flaws is
enlightening, it misses the issue. The issue is that for
something to be taught in a science classroom it must somehow
relate to a testable hypothesis: testable by experiment.
The temptation for someone who is versed in biology when
approached with Intelligent Design is to quickly point out all
of the design flaws that they know of. There are many examples
to pick from but the most commonly offered are design flaws in
(human) joints, most notably the elbow and the knee. One of my
personal favourites is the prevalence of people with eye glasses
which suggests there is a possible design flaw in the
maintenance of a spherical shape of the eye. Biologists quickly
offer up their favourite design flaw hoping to see a recantation
of Intelligent Design. To their dismay, they get answers like:
"We do not know the design of the intelligent designer. Perhaps
non-spherical eyes are beneficial in some other unknown way, or
the knee was some sort of design trade off against some other
more beneficial feature. However, the sum of all the trade offs
is the ultimate perfect design, designed by the most intelligent
designer, God." The frustrated scientist then returns to his
beaker and the Intelligent Design guru returns to his pulpit or
to the White House which are increasingly indistinguishable.
The reason that the hypothetical scientist and the theologian
talk at cross purposes is that they both have failed to realize
the bar of entry to science: a testable hypothesis. In life
there are testable hypotheses and un-testable hypotheses. Some
un-testable hypotheses are:
1) In absence of an observer,
human or otherwise (i.e. a tape recorder): If a tree falls in a
forest, does it make a noise? Yes or no?
2) Suppose all of
history started 5 minutes ago with all of our collective
memories implanted at that moment.
3) All good in the world
is a work of a benevolent God, and all problems people
experience are the result of God working in mysterious (good)
ways.
More topically:
4) The wonder and beauty of the
living world is the result of an intelligent design and all
counter examples such as fossils, design flaws, evolutionary
proofs, are just the result of our inability to grasp the grand
design.
The common thread that runs across all four statements is the
fallacy of an unprovable statement. It is this same thread that
many stitch together to form a rip stop nylon fabric of belief.
Statements 1 through 3 would likely be widely accepted as topics
for a class on philosophy or theology. Statement 4 is no
different. It is an inherently unprovable statement which has no
place in science.
Many have said that science is a religion unto itself. I have
often said that the only reason our language has two words for
science and religion is that we sorely misunderstand both. They
are both searches for the truth. Science is an ideology based on
the Scientific Method and the instrument of that method is the
experiment. Science allows for discussions of all things
provable, even if they are not yet proved. Take for example the
Superstring revolution in physics. It is currently unproven;
however, scientists are building the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
in Switzerland which should have sufficient power to create
'supersymmetric' particles which would confirm the theory. What
experiment does Intelligent Design proposes to validate its
hypothesis? How does one experimentally prove something was
designed? Even if such an experiment could be constructed, how
then does that disprove that the designed item was not self
designed and thus (perhaps), not intelligently designed?
Confused? The notion of a self designing design is especially
hard to understand on a planet where we (most) see a clear
distinction between human made and natural objects. [However, it
is a distinction I do not see because humans as part of nature.]
Just the same, the notion of a self designing design is crucial
to evolution, and while complex, its power is compelling. If you
are confused and interested pick up a good book on the subject
or take a course. However, if you are presented with Intelligent
Design, ask for a proposed or executed experiment published in a
reputable scientific journal. Darwin had to go through the same
efforts of the before his works were accepted. There is an
established process in place and it has been put in place by an
intelligent design (irony intended). The designer is certainly
not God and its intelligence is often arguable, just the same it
has served us well so far.
In summation, scientists are, by definition, very inquisitive
people who would love to have conversations about many different
theories and possibilities. The price of admission to such a
conversation is to bring with an experimentally testable
hypothesis. All other discussions belong in a different
classroom.