Alzheimers Disease
Dementia is a serious progressive brain dysfunction that
gradually leads to an increasing restriction of daily
activities. It usually begins with mild forgetfulness and ends
with serious brain damage. Alzheimer's is one of the best known
forms of the disease and it must be remembered that it not only
affects the individual, but also those loved ones who surround
them.
The disease itself was named after a 19th century Doctor called
Alois Alzheimer. He noticed peculiar changes in brain tissue of
a woman who had died from a curious cerebral illness which led
her to become mentally deficient.
He saw abnormal clumps (known as amyloid plaques) and tangled
bundles of fibres (neurofibrillary tangles) in her brain. These
plaques and tangles in the brain are today considered classic
signs of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is usually
associated with detrimental, progressive memory loss. The
symptoms usually begin with periodic forgetfulness which usually
worsens and is eventually noticed by the family. Forgetfulness
begins to interfere with daily activities and those people in
the middle stages of the illness may forget how to do simple
task such as brushing their teeth or combing their hair. The
ability to think clearly deteriorates, The individual often
experiences language difficulties, deterioration of
coordination, and loss of facial recognition. It is often
difficult to diagnose the disease early but if you recognise any
of the above signs, you should discuss them with the person's
doctor. As the disease progresses the sufferer may become
anxious or aggressive and begin to wander away from the home.
Sadly, patients begin to require full time care to prevent them
hurting themselves. For example, they may forget they have done
something - such as turning on the gas cooker but not lighting
it, or forget they have not done something - like taking some
vital medication..
Although research has been extensive, no cure has been
discovered. It has been noticed that there is a relationship
between aging and developing Alzheimer's disease. As there is no
reversible cure, genetic factors make treating Alzheimer's very
difficult. The disease usually develops after the age of 60, and
the risk goes up with age progression. However, it should be
remembered that Alzheimer's disease is not a normal part of
aging. In addition younger people may also get Alzheimer's
disease, although this is much less common. Other brain changes
in people with Alzheimer's disease have also been found such as
the destruction of nerve cells in areas of the brain vital to
memory and other mental abilities. The connections between nerve
cells are also disrupted. Lower levels of chemicals that carry
messages back and forth from the brain and nerve cells have also
been discovered. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not
recognized although it is thought there are probably several
factors affecting its development and the people who develop it.
Age is the most important risk factor as the number of people
with Alzheimer's disease doubles every 5 years after they reach
the age of 65. Scientist are also conducting research into a
possible link to family history. It is thought genetics may also
play a big role in the development of Alzheimer's in many cases.
Several risk factor genes may interact with both each other and
non-genetic factors to cause the disease. A gene creating one
form of a protein called apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been
identified so far for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. ApoE
assists in carrying cholesterol in the blood and it has been
found only about 15 percent of people have the form that
increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.