Cisco CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam Tutorial: Floating Static
Routes
Passing the BSCI exam and earning your CCNP certification
demands that you add greatly to the networking skills foundation
you created when you studied for your CCNA certification. You
learned quite a bit about static routing and default static
routing when you passed the CCNA test, and it does seem like
that should be all you need to know about static routing, right?
One thing you'll learn as you continue to earn Cisco
certifications is that there's always something else to learn!
You may have heard the term "floating static route", which does
suggest some interesting mental pictures. "Floating"? Floating
on what?
In a way, a floating static route is "floating" in your routing
table. A floating static route is a route that will be used only
if routes for the same destination but with a lower
administrative distance are removed from the table. For example,
you could be using an OSPF-discovered route as your primary
route to a given destination, and the floating static route
would serve as a backup route that would be used only if the
OSPF route leaves the routing table.
Now, how can that happen? After all, OSPF has an administrative
distance of 110 and static routes have ADs of one or zero,
depending on whether it's configured with a next-hop IP address
or a local exit interface. One way or the other, 1 and 0 are
still less than 110!
When you want to configure a floating static route, you must
assign the route an AD higher than that of the primary route. In
this case, we've got to create a static route with an AD higher
than 110. We do this by using the "distance" option at the end
of the "ip route" command.
R1(config)#ip route 110.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.12.123.1 ?
<1-255> Distance metric for this route
name Specify name of the next hop
permanent permanent route
tag Set tag for this route
R1(config)#ip route 110.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.12.123.1 111
The number entered at the very end of the "ip route" command is
the AD of that route. If there is an OSPF route for 110.1.1.0
/24, that will be the primary route, and the floating static
route will not be used unless the OSPF route is taken out of the
routing table.
Floating static routes aren't just a good thing to know for the
BSCI exam and your CCNP certification pursuit - they're very
practical in the real world as well.