Self Employment Pensions
As a member of the rank and file of self-employed, I can tell
you that it is one of the most wonderful ways to make a living.
It is also one of the best ways to never plan for retirement,
and turn around at age 65, with nothing but Social Security to
fund your retirement years. But, it doesn't have to be that way.
Thanks to the creation and passage of the Self Employment
Pension options, more Americans have the opportunity to save
money, tax free, in order to fund their retirement years.
An SEP, or self-employed pension plan, is a simple way for the
self-employed individual to setup a written plan for making
contributions toward their own retirement. Yes, any other
eligible employees must be covered also, but the plan is by far
the simplest and least complex option available.
What are the basic guidelines for establishing a self-employed
pension plan? You must execute a formal written agreement to
provide benefits for all eligible employees and yourself. You
must provide written information to all employees that will
explain the SEP, and there must be an SEP-IRA setup for each
employee. It's not even necessary to file the forms with the
IRS, if you use what's known as a 5305-SEP; you don't have to
obtain IRS approval or a determination letter.
You can set the plan up with a bank, insurance companies or
other qualified financial institution. You then send the SEP
contributions to the financial institution where the SEP is
maintained. Is there any limit to the contribution amount or
time of the contribution? Yes, and yes.
You must follow certain guidelines when establishing
contribution levels so that your individual contribution does
not exceed a reasonable comparative level for the employees. The
contributions must follow a written allocation formula, and must
not discriminate in favor of any one sector of employees,
especially the highly compensated employees. Contributions do
not have to be made each year, but they must follow the
prescribed guidelines above when they are made. The limits set
on the contributions you can make cannot exceed 25% of the
employee's compensation or $41,000. The compensation does not
include the SEP contribution.
There are other restrictions that can be placed on the
contributions, but they are really too detailed to cover in an
article of this nature. Let me just say that if you are
considering a self-employed pension plan, seek the advice of a
financial advisor, and follow the requirements exactly, as you
and the employee may be penalized for contributions that exceed
the income deferment limits.
If you exceed the contribution limits for one particular year,
you can carry those contributions over with what is known as
excess carryover contributions. The only concern you may have,
is that once carried over, they will reduce the upcoming year's
contributions, too. Now, there's also the option to "carry back"
contributions, but the carry back is only an option for the
preceding year. You cannot go back and pick up ten years worth
of missed opportunities, otherwise one would never run out of
contribution options, and there would tend to be a massive abuse
of the retirement system.
Many business owners simply do not understand the retirement
process, and for many years it was a very expensive proposition
to fund retirement accounts, such as 401(k) s; the complexity
was difficult, the expense large, and the small business owner
simply did not have the available resources to offer a program
like this. Today, the process has been extremely simplified, and
the cost has been reduced to almost nothing. You no longer even
need the permission of the IRS, with some forms.
The SEP retirement opportunities available to self employed
persons today are some of the most opportunistic ever available.
It is an opportunity that every business person should take full
advantage and make the most of, no matter how impossible that
might seem. There is always room to save a little, and as we
advance toward longer life spans, better medicine, and a Social
Security program that will under current limits, be grossly
under-funded when retirement is reached, we should take every
opportunity possible to save for our retirement.