Digital Cash and how it affects you
What are the economic consequences of digital cash? What are its
implications from the view of economics? In recent years,
several proposals for electronic cash have
appeared in cyberspace. In several cases, forms of digital cash
are already in use. The economic consequences of these
transactions have not yet been fully examined. To some
observers, one important economic consequence of electronic cash
is the free issue of private currency by commercial banks or
other non-firms. However, if we look at the history of money, it
is not easy to make privately issued currency credible in the
eyes and wallets of the public. As long as there is competition
between banks, private banks will sometimes become bankrupt.
Nothing is more debilitating to the credibility of privately
issued currency than bankruptcy. The most important
characteristic of digital cash is its Trans-nationality.
Digital cash does not recognize national borders. It is not
controlled by any central bank of any nation state. The
unprecedented efficiency of international payments with digital
cash may indeed increase the instability of the global monetary
system. This efficiency indeed may lead to conflicts between
digital cash providers and users and the central banks of nation
states. There are over a dozen proposals for electronic payment
systems on the Internet.
In comparison to using cash in the real world, transmitting a
credit card number over the Internet might lead to the following
difficulties. First, there is the entire question of security.
Credit card numbers may be viewed by unauthorized individuals
because the Internet is an open system. In the real world, there
are a number of means to minimize fraud. A customer using a
credit card will usually opt to carry out transactions at
trustworthy or familiar facilities, stores, and markets. Second,
credit cards can be used only at authorized stores. Unauthorized
small businesses or individuals generally cannot carry out
transactions with credit cards. In other words, credit cards
cannot be used for peer-to-peer payment. Cash encourages
peer-to-peer payments. Third, credit card payments usually
charge a small fee. Although this cost is low, it can be a
significant cost when the payment itself is very small, such as
less than 20 cents. As a result, credit cards can not be used
for micro-payments. A cash payment is used for even the smallest
financial transactions. Finally, receipts from credit card
payments leave residual records of expenditures. Those who issue
credit cards know exactly what kinds of goods and services have
been purchased, as well as where and when they were acquired. In
other words, user's expenditures by credit card can be traced
while cash payments are untraceable. Electronic payment systems,
more or less, try to cope with the above issues. According to
the extent to which these systems cope with these problems,
Only time will tell if the history of virtual commerce will be
peaceful, successful, and tightly coupled with current
operational features of the international financial community.
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