Accessible Web?
The web started out its life as a collection of simple HTML
pages which were, by nature, accessible. Many people with
disabilities latched onto the web as a revolutionary new way for
them to communicate. However, since the commercialisation and
diversification of the Web, it has gradually become less and
less accessible with many sites relying on the use of a
particular browser, broadband connection speeds or proprietary
software.
Some people with disabilities use Assistive Technology like
magnification software, screen readers (speakable browsers) and
desktop Braille displays to access the Web. Many more others
simply modify their browser settings to their own preferences.
It is therefore very important that Web sites and other online
content functions with assistive technologies as well as being
customisable and functional without a mouse.
The vast majority of online content falls far short of these and
other requirements for accessibility.
There have already been a few cases worldwide where
organisations have been taken to court by individuals who feel
that they have been disadvantaged by not being able to gain
access to a web site. In the UK, most disputes have been and
still are being settled out of court so the full implications of
the law are still very uncertain. With regard to commercial
intranets and extranets, any inaccessibility issues will already
have been contravening the Disability Discrimination Act for
several years.
The first rule of web accessibility is that designers should not
make assumptions about who may be viewing a web site and what
equipment they may be using. Most people will have come across a
web site which instructs them to get a newer browser or to
download a plug-in. This may not be convenient for the majority
of users let alone a person with sight impairment using a
specialist spoken screen reader to access the web.
Web accessibility advocates also aim to assure designers,
programmers, project managers and marketing managers that good
accessibility practice doesn't necessarily mean bland and boring
web sites.
It is more a case that following accepted guidelines for design
and programming should result in legal compliance and reach the
maximum possible audience. Well designed HTML documents that
distinguish structure and presentation will not only be more
accessible, but will also adapt more easily to new technologies
as they emerge.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) issue guidelines which, if
followed, should make web sites more accessible to specialist
users and less frustrating for more 'regular' users. By
following these guidelines and using other accessibility tools,
designers and programmers can create online content that is not
discriminatory, more immune to future litigation and also
available to the widest possible audience. So, there is a strong
business case as well as a moral and legal one.
The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) is part of the W3C and
offers specialist accessibility guidelines.
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