Growing Tomatoes, etc. in Early Spring - "Poor Man's
Hydroponics"
Q. I've heard about so many ways to grow tomato and other tender
plants early - from using Wall-O-Water's to taking the bottom
out of wastebaskets, and they all seem to be a lot of work, with
no guarantee of success. What do you suggest for someone who's
serious about growing the high-value crops like tomatoes,
peppers, and eggplants?
A. If you are only growing a few plants the methods you use may
not be all that important. However, if you are wanting to grow a
sizeable garden or maximize your production, you should pay
careful attention to the following procedures as taught by the
Garden Doctor, Jacob Mittleider. Dr. Mittleider's methods have
been extensively tested and proven highly effective in 30
countries around the world. If these instructions seem difficult
or too much work, just consider that you are learning "The Poor
Man's Hydroponic System" that will give you yields of tasty and
healthy vegetables between 3 and 10 times what your neighbors
get. Here is a summary of the procedures:
1. Plant your tomato, pepper, or eggplant seeds 8 to 12 weeks
before the average last spring frost date - 8 weeks for 8-10"
plants in 4" pots, and 12 weeks for 12-14" plants in gallon
pots. Peppers and eggplant will take a little longer than
tomatoes.
2. Prepare growing mix by combining 25-35% sand and 65-75%
sawdust (or other clean material such as peat moss or perlite,
etc.), and adding the Mittleider Pre-Plant Mix at the rate of 1
1/2 ounces per 18" X 18" X 2 3/4" seedling flat. You can make
your own natural mineral nutrient mixes by looking in the
Fertilizer pages of the Learn section on the website at
http://foodforeveryone.org/soil_bed_fertilizing/49/how-do-i-mix-t
he-pre-plant-formula.
3. Using plain water, thoroughly wet the mixed materials, let
sit overnight, then plant about 100 seeds in each of 6 or 7 very
shallow rows in the flat and sprinkle sand over the top, just
sufficient to cover the seeds.
4. Place burlap over the flat, water gently so as not to move
the seeds, and keep the soil moist, but not soaking wet in
temperatures between 75 and 85 degrees fahrenheit. No light is
needed, but cold temperatures will kill germinating seeds, so
pay particular attention to maintaining temperatures in this
range if possible.
5. As soon as sprouts emerge, water through the burlap, then
remove the burlap and place the flat in full light all day long.
Waiting even a few hours will cause your plants to "stretch"
looking for sunlight, and will create long, skinny, weak stems,
from which your plants will never fully recover. Temperatures
can now be cooler than for germination, but remember that your
plants will go dormant if temperatures go much below 60 degrees
for any length of time.
6. Begin watering daily or as needed to maintain soil moisture,
with the Constant Feed solution of 1 ounce Weekly Feed mix in 3
gallons of water (16 ounces in a 55 gallon barrel). Continue
with the Constant Feed watering until plants are placed in the
garden.
7. When your plants have at least one set of true leaves (not
the seed leaves), but before they crowd each other and begin to
stretch, transplant at least 2" apart in flats or 2" pots.
8. When plant leaves begin overlapping, prune 2 or 3 leaves from
each plant. This will shock the plant briefly, and it will make
a thicker stem, then after a few days it will again extend the
growing tip and produce new leaves. This procedure can be done
twice without harming the plant.
9. As soon as leaves begin to overlap the third time, transplant
into 4" or gallon pots, depending on your time schedule for
planting in the garden and the amount of space in your
greenhouse or growing area. When leaves overlap again, separate
the pots to provide unrestricted light to all plants. These
procedures will give you plants with short, stocky and sturdy
stems, very capable of handling the rigors of growing outdoors.
10. If your plants begin producing sucker stems, prune them all
off, leaving only one main stem on each plant. And when the
plants approach 12" in height push a small stick or dowel into
the soil near the stem and tie the stem loosely, protecting it
from falling over.
11. When the danger of frost is past, transplant your seedlings
into the garden. Harden off outside for 2 days first, and then
immediately after transplanting, apply 8 ounces of ammonium
nitrate to a 30' row of seedlings - at a distance of 4" from the
plant stems, and water it in thoroughly. Three days later, begin
applying the Weekly Feed mix in the same manner.
If you have limited space and cannot accommodate 4" or gallon
pots, or you just want to put your plants into the ground sooner
than the ideal time, you may have success using the Mittleider
"Mini-Greenhouses." Cut 4' lengths of 3/4" Schedule 200 PVC
pipe, then bend them into a capital A shape, with a 4" flat top,
9" sides and 13" legs. Put both legs into the ground at the top
of the ridges to a depth of 5-6". Place a 4'-wide X 33'-long
piece of 6 mil clear greenhouse plastic over the bed and bury
the edges with dirt on all sides. Pictures are in the Photos
section of the free gardening group at
MittleiderMethodGardening@yahoogroups.com. as well as in several
of Dr. M's books.
Open the ends during the day for air circulation, and on warm
days, remove the dirt from one side and lay the plastic in the
aisle. Failure to do this may cause your plants to cook, as the
mini greenhouses will heat up quickly with sunlight. On nights
when frost is expected, put an extension cord with a couple of
100 watt bulbs near the ends of your beds, and for a hard frost
use a small heater (be careful you don't melt your plastic
cover).
Complete instructions and excellent illustrations are in Dr.
Mittleider's books at http://foodforeveryone.org/garden_books/.